Perga and Alexandria · c. 262-c. 190 BCE

Apollonius of Perga

Apollonius of Perga was Greek geometer and astronomer. His Conics organized the geometry of ellipses, parabolas, and hyperbolas.

Documented historical record

Biographical and historical reference works document Apollonius of Perga’s role and the mathematical work summarized on this page.

Historical eraClassical Antiquity
Math subjects
Grade bands

3-5, 6-8, 9-12, College

Profession trails

The person and the work

Biography

Apollonius of Perga was Greek geometer and astronomer associated with Perga and Alexandria. His Conics organized the geometry of ellipses, parabolas, and hyperbolas.

The names ellipse, parabola, and hyperbola became standard through the tradition of his work. Together, these contributions connect algebra and functions and geometry and measurement to the working problems, tools, and questions of the period.

Mathematical contribution

What this hero added or preserved

Core mathematical work

His Conics organized the geometry of ellipses, parabolas, and hyperbolas.

Method, teaching, or application

The names ellipse, parabola, and hyperbola became standard through the tradition of his work.

Why this matters

The larger lesson

Apollonius of Perga shows that mathematics grows through proof, calculation, observation, design, teaching, or careful records. The lasting lesson is that algebra and functions and geometry and measurement can turn a difficult question into a method another person can inspect and reuse.

Place the work in time

Timeline

  1. c. 262

    Life and working period

    Apollonius of Perga worked as Greek geometer and astronomer in Perga and Alexandria.

  2. Legacy

    Lasting mathematical connection

    The names ellipse, parabola, and hyperbola became standard through the tradition of his work.

Key idea

An equation balances two descriptions

Apollonius of Perga’s work shows how symbols can represent an unknown quantity while preserving equality.

Example

In 3x + 14 = 32, subtracting 14 and dividing by 3 gives x = 6.

Try it yourself

Solve the equation

Solve 3x + 14 = 32.

  1. Subtract 14 from both sides.
  2. Divide both sides by 3.
  3. Substitute the result to check.
Show the answer

x = 6.

Math at work

Engineers and architects use the same habits

Engineers and architects use algebra and functions to plan, compare, test, or communicate decisions. Apollonius of Perga’s work provides a historical example of that connection.

Keep curiosity alive

A little-known fact

The names ellipse, parabola, and hyperbola became standard through the tradition of his work.

Common misconception

Apollonius of Perga matters because of only one famous formula or anecdote.

What the evidence supports

The documented record is broader: His Conics organized the geometry of ellipses, parabolas, and hyperbolas.

Keep exploring

Connected learning paths